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  HTTP本质
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  <time datetime="2021-10-30T02:59:33.278Z" itemprop="datePublished">2021-10-30</time>
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  <blockquote>
<p>试图跳过spring,而学习spring boot是不可能的。学习java web开发，从基础开始学习。就应当了解http、servlet、tomcat</p>
</blockquote>
<span id="more"></span>

<ul>
<li>起源</li>
<li>它解决什么问题</li>
<li>实现原理</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="起源"><a href="#起源" class="headerlink" title="起源"></a>起源</h1><p>1980年6月至12月间，伯纳斯-李在的CERN（欧洲核子研究组织）担任工作。实验室的研究人员需要大量的信息查阅或沟通。在那段时间里，他提出了个构想：创建一个以超文本系统为基础的项目，方便研究人员分享及更新讯息。</p>
<p><img src="https://vison-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/20201222144257.png" alt=""></p>
<p>1989年3月，他写下了他的初步构想，并在1990年重新配置。然后被他的经理麦克·森德尔（Mike Sendall）所接受。他使用与ENQUIRE系统相似的概念来创建万维网，为此他设计并构建了第一个网页浏览器。</p>
<p>世界上第一个网站在CERN搭建，而CERN则位于法国边境。网站在1991年8月6日上线。</p>
<p>上线 的第一个网址，<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html">http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html</a> 告诉人们万维网是什么，用户如何使用浏览器，如何创建网页服务器。</p>
<h1 id="目的"><a href="#目的" class="headerlink" title="目的"></a>目的</h1><p>设计HTTP最初的目的是为了提供一种发布和接收HTML页面的方法。</p>
<p><img src="https://vison-blog.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/20201218163846.png" alt=""></p>
<h1 id="实现"><a href="#实现" class="headerlink" title="实现"></a>实现</h1><p>一个连接是由传输层来控制的，这从根本上不属于HTTP的范围。HTTP并不需要其底层的传输层协议是面向连接的，只需要它是可靠的，或不丢失消息的（至少返回错误）。在互联网中，有两个最常用的传输层协议：TCP是可靠的，而UDP不是。因此，HTTP依赖于面向连接的TCP进行消息传递，但连接并不是必须的。因此通过socket编程就能实现http协议。</p>
<pre class="language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Server</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> port <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">8081</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

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        <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>

<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Handler</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>

    <span class="token class-name">Socket</span> sock<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">Handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Socket</span> sock<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
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            <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
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            <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
            <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"client disconnected."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">handle</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">InputStream</span> input<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">OutputStream</span> output<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">IOException</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Process new http request..."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">var</span> reader <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">BufferedReader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">InputStreamReader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>input<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">StandardCharsets</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>UTF_8<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">var</span> writer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">BufferedWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">OutputStreamWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>output<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">StandardCharsets</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>UTF_8<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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            requestOk <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
            <span class="token class-name">String</span> header <span class="token operator">=</span> reader<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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        <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>requestOk <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token string">"Response OK"</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"Response Error"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>requestOk<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 发送错误响应:</span>
            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found\r\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Length: 0\r\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\r\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">flush</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 发送成功响应:</span>
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            <span class="token keyword">int</span> length <span class="token operator">=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">StandardCharsets</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>UTF_8<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
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            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Content-Length: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> length <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"\r\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\r\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 空行标识Header和Body的分隔</span>
            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">flush</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
        <span class="token comment">// TODO: 处理HTTP请求</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>

<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span></code></pre>

<h1 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h1><ul>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP">https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP</a></p>
</li>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1252599548343744/1304265903570978">廖雪峰-web基础</a></p>
</li>
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